Wall construction and brick therefor



R. F. IVIATITIN.

WALL CONSTRUCTION AND BRICK THEREFOIR.

APPLICATION HLED JUNE 18| 1918.

ATTORNEY it would form a carrier for moisture to the outer part of thewall, or a more serious objection would result from evaporation andcondensation of moisture, and the communication of the condensedmoisture to the mortar joints of the inner part of the wall.

The bricks are laid up with about one quarter to three quarters inchmortar joints, so that the longitudinal and transverse edges of the websand ribs are separated an equal distance as at A. and l, thus allowingfor free circulation of air throughout the wall. rl.`he transversespaces B are staggered in relation to each other, while the longitudinalchannels C and D, extend above and below the mortar joints, and areseparated by the opposed ribs 13 and 14. j

Any moisture accumulating in the channel C, and condensing upon theupper surfaces will be returned to the same channel, even though thewall be considerably inclined, as shown in Fig. 5, the drops fallingfrom the outer surface of the flange 13, while the free circulation ofair in the channelsv will cause the moisture to be quickly evaporated.Should the wall be longitudinally inclined (Fig. 1) the moisture willtravel in a. stepped course along several bricks, graduallyevaporating.-

The ribs or flanges 13 and 14 form an effective barrier tothepenetration of moisture to the inner wall section, and provide alarge surface for condensation of moisture in the channel C, so thateven though the moisture be in a vaporousstate it will be prevented to alarge extent from entering the channels D, and finally penetrating theinner wall setcion.

The corners betweenr the brick sections and the web 12, and between theweb 12 and the ribs 13 and 14, are preferably rounded as shown, althoughit will be understood that these corners may, if desired, be angular.This materially strengthens the connection between the web and the bricksections. and prevents warping of the brick during treatment of the samein the brick kilns. Also, a better' surface for the flow of moisturethrough the channels is provided.

lt will be noted that my invention comprises an improved non-porousbrick for hollow wall construction, comprising a web, a hollow brickwall supporting section at each end of the web and arrangedperpendicularly to the web, and having mortar receiving surfaces thefull width of the sections. non-porous water repellent and water barringribs extending from the web in opposite directions, and terminatingwithin the confines of the space between the cornmon plane of the uppermortar receiving surfaces of the brick wall supporting sections and thecommon plane of the lower mortar receiving surfaces thereof, andterminating in non-mortar receiving surfaces,

the ends of said ribs being flush with the ends of the sections, and thethickness of the walls of the hollow sections, and web and ribs beingsubstantially equal and within kiln treatment limits, and also thecombination of a plurality of bricks to form an improved wallconstruction consisting of a double wall structure, comprising aplurality of superimposed courses of matched bricks, each brickcomprising spaced hollow brick wall supporting sections forming thedouble wall, the upper and lower surfaces of the sections beingrelatively wide and constituting bearing surfaces adapted to re- Ceivemortar therebetween to the full width of the bearing surfaces to spaceand join the superimposed bricks, a longitudinal web eX- tendinglaterally between and connecting said hollow brick sections,longitudinal ribs extending from each side of said web intermediate thelongitudinal edges thereof, at the top and at the bottom of the brickand terminating in the common planes of the mortar receiving surfaces,the facing edgesl of said ribs being non-mortar receiving and spacedfrom the ribs of adjacent bricks by a distance corresponding to themortar on the bearing surfaces between said adjacent brick sections, theends of the ribs being flush with the ends of the sections butbeingnon-mortar receiving, to provide 4.intercommunication and circulation ofair: throughout the space between abutting bricks and between the facingedges of said ribs, and obstructing the transverse conduction ofmoisture from one brick section to another, and the thickness of thewalls of the hollow sections, web and ribs being substantially equal andwithin kiln treatment limits, and an additional improvement thereover inthe cooperation of the hollow section circulation with the circulationsabove mentioned.

In firing brick in a kiln, the hollow bricks are stood on end so as toallow the heat to circulate, and keep the brick from crushing under itsown weightvwvhile burning, and also, asit is impossible to providecirculation of heat from side to side, all brick kilns have an up anddown draft circulation. The brick of the present invention is especiallysuited to this treatment, the ends of the hollowbrick wall supportingsections and the webs and ribs being flush so that as the webs and ribsare supported during firing, and as they are within kiln treatmentlimits, the same will not become warped or displaced.

As no twisting or warping results from the processes of manufacturing,the brick will be such that it will lay plumb and level in the wall. Themortar receiving surfaces are flat and are bedded in a flat mortarsurface so that any pebbles therein will show and can be thrown out withthe point of the trowelv nasoai l have illustrated and described a pre.

ferred and satisfactory embodiment of my invention, but it is obviousthat changes may be made therein within the spirit and scope thereof, asdefined in the appended claims.

l claim 1. A. double wall structure, comprising a plurality ofsuperimposed courses of matched bricks, each brick comprising spacedhollow brick wall supporting sections forming the double wall, the upperand lower surfaces of the sections being relatively wide andconstituting bearing surfaces adapted to receive mortar therebetween tothe full width of the bearing surfaces to space andvjoin thesuperimposed bricks, a longitudinal web eX- tending laterallyT betweenand connecting said hollow brick sections, longitudinal ribs extendingfrom each side of said web intermediate the longitudinal edges thereof,and terminating in the common planes of the mortar receiving surfaces atthe top and at the bottom of the brick, the facing edges of saidA ribsbeing `non-mortar receiving and spaced from the ribs of adjacent bricksby a distance corresponding to the mortar on the bearing surfacesbetween said adjacent brick sections, the ends of the ribs being flushwith the ends of the sections but being non-mortar receiving to provideintercommunication and circulation of air throughout the space betweenabutting bricks and between the facing edges of said ribs, andobstructing the transverse conduction of moisture from one brick sectionto another, and the thickness of the walls of the hollow sections, weband ribs being substantially equal and within kiln treatment limits.

2. A wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses ofmatched bricks, each brick comprising spaced hollow brick wallsupporting sections formingthe double wall, the upper and lower surfacesof said sections being relatively wide and constituting bearing surfacesadapted to receive nfortar thereon to the full width and length thereof,to space and join the superimposed bricks, the ends of said sections oflongitudinally adjacent bricks adapted to be spaced, a longitudinal webextending laterally between and connecting said hollow brick sections,longitudinal ribs extending from each side of said web intermediate thelongitudinal edges thereof, and terminating in the common planes of themortar receiving surfaces of the top and bottom of the brick, the facingedges of said ribs being non-mortar receiving and spaced from the ribsof adjacent bricks by a distance corresponding to the mortar on thebearing surfaces between said adjacent brick sections, the ends of saidribs being flush with the ends of the sections but being non-mortarreceiving to provide intercommunication and circulation of airthroughout the space between abutting bricks and between the facingedges of said ribs and obstructing the transverse conduction of moisturefrom one brick section to another, the ends of said web and ribs oflongitudinally adjacent bricks being non-mortar receiving and spacedfrom like members of abutting bricks to provide intercommunication andcirculation of air throughout the space between the brick sections fromend to end thereof and from side to side thereof, the hollow brick wallsupporting sections cooperating to produce a circulation in coperationwith the circulations aforesaid, and the thickness of the walls of thehollow sections, web and ribs being substantially equal and within kilntreatment limits.

3. A building block comprising two longitudinally extending hollow loadbearing sections transversely spaced from each other for a distance notgreater than the width of the individual sections, and non-load bearingmeans integrally connecting said hollow sections to each other andforming a plurality of longitudinally extending air passages in eachside of the block, each passage being of a width appreciably less thanthe width of said hollow load-bearing sections.

il. A non-porous brick for hollow wall construction, comprising a web, ahollow brick wall supporting section at each end of the web and arrangedperpendicularly to the web, and having mortar receiving surfaces thefull width of the sections, nonporous water repellent and water barringribs extending from the web in opposite directions, and terminatingwithin the confines of the space between the common plane of the uppermortar receiving surfaces of the brick wall supporting sections and thecommon plane of the lower mortar receiving surfaces of the brick wallsupporting sections, and terminating in non-mortar receiving surfaces,the ends of said ribs being flush with the ends of the sections butbeing 'non-mortar receiving, and the thickness of the walls of thehollow sections, web and ribs being substantially equal and within kilntreatment limits.

5. A wall structurev composed of blocks, each having two longitudinallyextending hollow load-bearing sections transversely spaced from eachother, and non-load bearing means integrally connecting said hollowsections to each other and forming a plurality vof longitudinallyextending air passages in each side of the block in transversecommunication with each other throughout the length of the block, andalso in transverse communication with the opposed passages in the blocksof adjoiningcourses in the wall structure.

6. ln building construction, a wall structure composed of alternatingcourses of brick and binding material, each brick comprisingtransversely spaced load-bearing sections connected by a horizontal Web,the binding material being disposed between the opposed side and endsurfaces of the load-bearing sections of the adjoining brick in the wallstructure, and means on each side of said Web forming a plurality ofparallel open channels between said'loadbearing sections, said web andchannel forming means of adjacent brick in the same course beingseparated at their ends by an unobstructed space, and the channelforming means of vertically adjacent brick being in spaced alinementWith each other, whereby said channels are in transverse communicationwith each other throughout the length of the individual brick and alsoWith the channels of the horizontally and vertically adjoining bricks inthe Wall structure.

ln testimony that l'clailn the foregoing 20 as my invention, l havesigned my name.

ROBERT F. MARTIN.

